• • • • Osteoarthritis: Degenerative wear and tear of the knee joint.
      • Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune condition affecting the knee joint.
      • Post-traumatic arthritis: Resulting from a severe knee injury.
      • Other conditions like avascular necrosis or severe deformities.

Types of Knee Replacement:

1. 1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR): This is the most common type, involving the replacement of the entire knee joint with artificial components.
   2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): In this procedure, only the damaged part of the knee joint is replaced, preserving healthy tissue.

Surgical Procedure: Knee replacement surgery is typically performed under general or regional anesthesia. The procedure involves several steps:

1. 1. Incision: An incision is made over the knee to access the joint.
   2. Reshaping the Bone: The damaged portions of the knee joint, including the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone), are carefully removed.
   3. Implants: Artificial components made of metal and plastic are secured to the reshaped bones. These components act as the new joint surfaces.
   4. Stabilization: The surgeon ensures proper alignment and stability of the artificial joint components.
   5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.

Modern Advancements: Modern knee replacement surgery has benefited from several advancements:

• • • Minimally Invasive Techniques: Smaller incisions and specialized instruments have reduced scarring, pain, and recovery time.
    • Patient-Specific Implants: Some surgeries use customized implants created based on a patient’s specific anatomy, improving fit and function.
    • Computer Navigation: Surgeons may use computer-assisted navigation systems to enhance precision during surgery.
    • Improved Implant Materials: Advances in materials science have led to more durable and long-lasting implant components.
    • Rapid Recovery Protocols: Enhanced rehabilitation programs and post-operative pain management techniques enable faster recovery and shorter hospital stays.

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

• • • After surgery, patients undergo physical therapy to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility.
    • Most patients can bear weight on the operated leg within 24 hours, with a gradual return to normal activities over several weeks.
    • Full recovery may take several months, with improvements continuing for up to a year.

Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery: Knee replacement surgery offers numerous benefits, including:

• • • Relief from chronic knee pain.
    • Improved joint function and mobility.
    • Enhanced quality of life, allowing individuals to resume activities they enjoy.
    • Long-lasting results, with many knee replacements lasting 15 years or more.

Knee replacement surgery is a highly effective and common procedure used to alleviate chronic knee pain and restore function in individuals with severe knee joint problems. Modern advancements, including minimally invasive techniques and patient-specific implants, have improved outcomes and reduced recovery times. With proper rehabilitation and care, knee replacement surgery can provide long-lasting relief and significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with debilitating knee conditions.